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Under current federal law, nearly all male U.S. citizens and male immigrants—regardless of their legal status—are mandated to register with the Selective Service within a thirty-day window of their eighteenth birthday. While the system allows for late registration until a man turns twenty-six, the consequences of non-compliance are severe. Failing to register is a felony punishable by a fine of up to $250,000 and five years in federal prison. Beyond these legal penalties, a failure to register can result in a lifetime of bureaucratic hurdles, including being barred from federal student aid, government-sponsored job training, and many public-sector careers. For immigrants, it can lead to a five-year delay in citizenship proceedings. This registration serves as the master list from which a future draft would be drawn.
Should a global crisis escalate to the point of World War III, the mechanism for reinstatement is structured and rapid. The process would begin in the halls of Congress, where lawmakers would need to amend the Military Selective Service Act to grant the president the authority to begin conscription. Once that legal threshold is crossed, the Selective Service System (SSS) moves from a data-collection agency to an operational one. The centerpiece of this activation is the national lottery.
Once a young man’s lottery number is called, the transition from civilian to potential soldier is swift. He is ordered to report to a Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS). Here, the individual undergoes a battery of physical, mental, and moral evaluations to determine fitness for duty. In times of peace or limited conflict, the military maintains strict standards regarding health, education, and criminal history. However, military experts and former combat personnel warn that these standards are flexible. During a national emergency or a large-scale global war, the military’s “manpower needs” often take precedence over traditional disqualifiers.
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